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Surface phenomena definition pharmacy1/16/2024 The mercury molecules are attracted more to each other than they are attracted to the molecules of a glass surface. This is because the cohesive force is stronger than the adhesive force here. Now if we use mercury instead of water and then insert a capillary in it we can see that the mercury surface curves downward against the glass. So as a result the water surface rises due to the high surface tension of water and the water wets the glass surface. So, in this case, water molecules are attracted more strongly to the glass than to each other. When the capillary inserted into the water the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces. Here we can see the results of adhesive and cohesive force. Now consider a very small diameter tube open at both ends is inserted into a liquid. Now when a liquid is in contact with a surface then there is an attraction between molecules of the liquid and the surface, these forces adhesive forces. ![]() The intermolecular force which acts in between the molecules is known as a cohesive force. There are two types of forces – adhesive force and cohesive force. Because of this very high surface tension, many things can float on the water whose density is less than water. Water is a liquid which has very high surface tension. This is the reason there is surface tension and it needs certain energy to break the bonds between the molecules. Hydrogen is positive and oxygen is negative so they attract each other and stick together. ![]() In the case of water, the water molecules attract each other because of their opposite charge. Because of this reason molecules always try to maintain a lower surface area which allows more molecules to have a lower energy state. The energy state of the interior molecules is lower than the exterior molecules because the interior molecules are attracted to all the surrounding molecules but the exterior molecules are attracted to only the other surface molecules and to these below the surface. Molecules that are on the outside are exterior type molecules and the molecules that are on the inside are interior type molecules. There are mainly two types of molecules– interior type and exterior type molecules. ![]() 2 FAQs about Surface Tension Molecular Perspective
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